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Physics Ladder

The S0–S10 ladder isolates the effect of successively enabled dust processes. Each rung inherits all processes above it in the table.

Run Process added
S0 Stellar dust creation
S1 Dust cooling
S2 Gas–dust drag
S3 Astration
S4 Thermal sputtering
S5 ISM grain growth
S6 Subgrid clumping
S7 SN shock destruction
S8 Coagulation
S9 Shattering
S10 Radiation pressure; full ladder

The ladder is a controlled process comparison, not a chronological claim about which process is physically more fundamental. Compile options, resolution, initial conditions, star formation, feedback, output cadence, and all parameters unrelated to the newly enabled process should remain fixed.

When comparing rungs, report dust mass, D/G, D/Z, grain-size distribution, carbon fraction, stellar source tags, radial structure, and survival in the ISM/CGM. A difference in one observable can arise indirectly through changes to dust abundance or spatial transport, so interpret SED and extinction changes alongside the underlying particle distributions.